- Avoid contact with disease-causing agents (DCAs)
- When contact has occurred, institute measures to dislodge the aetiogical agent or reduce the amount and duration of contact with DCAs
- Prepare for contact with DCAs by wearing protective gear
- DCAs are sugar, nicotine and bacteria/parasites/fungi: reduce contact with, brush teeth after every meal, cigarette use, intimate interperson contact
- regular professional tooth cleaning
- sports protective clothing (rugby, ice-hockey, motorcycle racing etc.)
- DCAs are road traffic accidents, interpersonal contact through sports or violence: methods are separate cycle routes, adequate road-traffic signalling, visualisation during traffic
participation
- Protective gear use in contact sports